Vrhnutí mláďat i jejich výchova probíhá na písečných nebo travnatých mořských pobřežích. V listopadu, téměř o měsíc dříve než samice, připlují k pevnině samci a započnou, do značné míry rituální, souboje o nejvhodnější místo. Po doplutí samic si samci podle úspěšnosti vytvářejí harémy o počtech 8 až 25 samic. Mladší samci se pohybují po okolí a občas se snaží ze střežených stád některou samici "zcizit". Samice zhruba za týden až 10 dnů po příchodu vrhne jediné mládě velké 0,7 až 1 m mající srst světlou nebo čokoládově hnědou se světlejší oblasti okolo hlavy. Jejich průměrná váha činí u samiček 7,2 kg a u samečků 7,9 kg. Samice své potomky pravidelně kojí tučným mlékem, k ostatním samicím a mláďatům se chovají poměrně přátelsky. Samci jsou v této době naopak vůči ostatním dospělým samcům velmi agresivní.
Ve stáří 10 až 14 dnů je samice opouštějí na dva až tři dny, odcházejí za potravou do moře. S přibývajícím věkem se jejich pobyt v moři prodlužuje a tím i přestávky v kojení. Osamocená mláďata se shlukují do skupin, matky po návratu svého potomka poznávají podle hlasu a pachu, někdy nakrmí i cizí hladové mládě což je u ploutvonožců neobvyklé chování. Mláďata začínají plavat a sama se učí hledat potravu již ve věku 2 až 3 týdnů, asi za dva měsíce změní svůj mladistvý šat a po přelínání vypadají barevně jako dospělé samice. Jejich matky je však opatrují a příležitostně kojí po dobu 8 až 12 měsíců. Průměrná úmrtnost mláďat do věku 1 roku je asi 35 %, některá zahynou zalehnutím samců při častých územních sporech nebo jejich kanibalismem. Samci po dobu rozmnožování neodcházejí do moře a stravují nashromážděné tělesné zásoby.
Samice přicházejí do říje za šest až sedm dní po vrhu (od půlky prosince do půlky ledna), páření probíhá na pevnině. Koncem ledna samci odcházejí do moře a harémy se rozpadají. Samice pohlavně dospívají za 3 až 4 roky a samci za 5 let, své stádečko jsou však schopni si vytvořit až ve věku nejméně 8 let. Samice porodí jedno mládě za jeden až dva roky. U samic se předpokládá dožití 18 let a u samců 23 let.
Lachtan novozélandský je se svým odhadovaným počtem do 12 000 zvířat řazen mezi druhy ploutvonožců s nejmenším počtem jedinců. Navíc se rozmnožují jen na několika málo místech od sebe nepříliš vzdálených, takže případná ekologická katastrofa i menšího rozsahu (tsunami nebo ropná skvrna) by mohla jejich další existenci tragicky ovlivnit.
V minulosti byla tato zvířata hojně lovena pro kůže a tuk na olej, od roku 1894 jsou chráněna zákonem; přesto se jejich počty nezvyšují. V současnosti jsou ohrožována rybolovem v okolních vodách jednak přímo, kdy bývají lapena do vlečných sítí a jednak nepřímo, kdy jsou jejich obvyklá místa vylovena a samice tak nenacházejí dostatek potravy v době kojení potomků. Jedinými přirozenými nepřáteli lachtanů novozélandských jsou žraloci a kosatky. Dále bývají ohrožováni neidentifikovanými nemocemi, např. v roce 1998 uhynula více než polovina narozených mláďat a téměř pětina dospělých zvířat. V létech 2002 a 2003 následoval další hromadný úhyn zvířat zapříčiněný bakterií Klebsiella pneumoniae způsobující pneumonii.
Jsou nejvzácnějšími a nejohroženějšími lachtany na světě. Podle IUCN jsou lachtani novozélandští hodnoceni jako zranitelný druh (VU).
Číslo fotografie: 1590
Kategorie: Nový Zéland
Zobrazeno: 7538 ×
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